The International Independent Centre of Excellence for Spring Technology

Research Reports PDF Print E-mail

The following research reports were produced and published by IST over many years. They are available free of charge to IST and UKSMA members.

Number Title
101 The effect of scale removal prior to reheating for quenching on a 1% carbon spring steel
102 Stresses in helical compression springs due to impact loading
103 An investigation into the settling of BTC carriage bolster springs
104 Accurate dead stop load testing of helical springs
105 The effect of grain boundary precipitate on the age-hardening characteristics of copper-beryllium
106 The effect of non-metallic surface coatings on the corrosion-fatigue strength of a spring steel.
107 Mechanical properties of resinous and plastic materials used for surface protection against corrosion fatigue of steel.
108 The mechanical properties of hard drawn brass spring wire
109 A comparison of silico-manganese, chrome-vanadium and carbon alloy steels as materials for springs.
110 Discontinuous precipitation in commercial copper-beryllium alloys
111 The influence of a grain-boundary precipitate on the age-hardening characteristics, static and dynamic mechanical properties of copper-beryllium
112 The mechanical properties of 314A, 317 and 318A titanium alloy wires
113 The relaxation and creep of springs at elevated temperatures: a literature survey
114 The mechanical and fatigue properties of helical compression springs made from patented hard drawn and oil tempered wires.
115 The stress-temperature relaxation properties of springs made from oil tempered and patented hard drawn wires.
116 The effect of peen plating on the fatigue properties of a carbon spring steel
117 The fatigue testing of cold-formed springs.
118 Joint research work on helical springs by the Fachverband Federn (German Spring Association)
119 Co-operative research work of the German Spring Association covering the test series in progress on cold formed springs
120 The physical metallurgy of copper beryllium
121 The rotating bending fatigue properties of some British oil tempered and patented hard drawn spring wires
122 The static and dynamic mechanical properties of three continental spring steel wires
123 Initial tension in springs made from light wire.
124 Further studies on the effect of non-metallic coatings on the corrosion fatigue strength of a spring steel
125 A comparison of the corrosion fatigue protection properties of vacuum deposited and electroplated zinc coatings applied to helical compression springs
126 A preliminary investigation into the application of an RARDE Si-Cu-Mo-V steel as a material for hot formed springs
127 A preliminary investigation into the use of a Si-Cu-Mo-V as a light spring material
128 The design of garter springs
129 The effect of low temperature heat treatment on the static mechanical properties of some British spring wires
130 The prevention of hydrogen embrittlement of high tensile steels during pickling and plating
131 The effect of shot-peening on the fatigue properties of helical compression springs made from continental oil-tempered and patented hard drawn spring steel wires
132 The effect of recarburisation, prestraining and other surface conditions on the torsional fatigue strength of En 36 steel
133 The electron metallography of the age-hardening characteristics of copper-2% beryllium alloys
134 The design of single coil spring washers
135 The effect of carbon restoration and shot peening on the fatigue strength of highly stressed heavy coiled compression springs
136 Magnetomechanical hysteresis in alloys for precision springs
137 The protection of very high tensile steels against corrosion with special reference to hydrogen embrittlement
138 Studies of some mechanical coatings and their resistance to corrosion fatigue
139 The review of customer specifications by spring manufacturers
140 Torsion bar springs-laboratory and vehicle fatigue tests
141 The long life fatigue resistance of spring bars with straight and curved axes (torsion bar springs and helical springs
142 Statistical investigations on the life of cold formed springs
143 The stress-temperature relaxation and creep properties of some spring materials
144 The age-hardening of copper-2% beryllium alloys
145 The hydrogen embrittlement of electro-plated high tensile steels and methods of prevention
146 The effect of grain size on the bending fatigue strength of phosphor bronze spring strip
147 The effect of industrial processing and surface treatments on the fatigue strength of hot-formed springs
148 A comparison of the static mechanical fatigue properties of three spring steel wires
149 Titanium 314A wire and springs. I - The static and dynamic properties of 314A titanium shot peened wire and springs. II - A design comparison of cold drawn 314A and aged titanium with En 49D and En58A wires as materials for springs.
150 The hydrogen embrittlement of electroplated high-tensile steels and methods of prevention
151 The effect of microstructure on the properties of Si-Cr spring steel
152 The stress relaxation properties of Nimonic 90 and Inconel X-750 helical compression springs
153 Investigation into the factors which affect spring variability during automatic coiling
154 Evaluation of glass reinforced plastic for springs in a packaging unit
155 The static characteristics of laminated torsion bars
156 Some static and fatigue properties of En 58A stainless steel spring wire to BS 2056.
157 Laminated torsion bars - a literature survey
158 The evaluation of DTD spring materials
159 Application of RARDE experimental Si-Cu-Mo Steel. Part 1 Properties of bar material. Part 2 Properties of wire. Part 3 Properties of springs.
160 An investigation into the mechanical properties and micro-structure of Si-Cr spring steel.
161 The effect of shot peening on the fatigue behaviour of Si-Mn spring steel
162 A note on the effect of heat treatment on the stress temperature relaxation properties of Nimonic alloy 90 helical springs
163 The static and dynamic properties of springs made from a continental oil-hardened and tempered spring steel wire
164 The fatigue properties of springs made from patented cold drawn wire to BS 1408C and 1408D in three ranges of tensile strength
165 The hydrogen embrittlement of electroplated cold worked steels.
166 A guide to the use of the roller method of coiling on an automatic machine
167 The effect of industrial processing and surface treatments on the fatigue strength of hot formed springs
168 A comparison of the fatigue properties of springs made from electro-slag refined steel and conventionally melted steel to specification BS 1408C
169 An investigation into the possible use of Nartrode 'E' aluminium bronze as a spring material
170 A comparison of the consistency of dimensions that can be achieved when coiling springs made from phosphor bronze and steel wires on an automatic machine.
171 Determination of residual stresses in torsion bars subjected to torsional overstrain (prestressed)
172 An evaluation of the relationships between the mechanical tests conducted on spring steel wires manufactured to British Standard specifications
173 Free length tolerances of springs produced on a Torrington 115A coiling machine
174 A study of some factors which might affect the free length variability of springs produced on a Torrington 115A coiling machine
175 A low cost pneumatic machine for the prestressing of light helical compression springs
176 Temporary corrosion protection
177 A study of the free length variability of springs made from coated stainless steel wire
178 A study of the effect of fluid lubricants on the free length variability of springs made from stainless steel wire to BS 2056 En58A
179 The influence of dry honing and vapour blasting on the fatigue properties of springs made from patented and cold drawn wire.
180 A pneumatic five ton press and feeding system
181 A study of the effect of lubricants on the free length tolerances of stainless steel springs when produced on a Torrington 115A coiling machine
182 A note on the influence of corrosion on the fatigue properties of peened springs made from 4mm diameter S202 wire
183 Derivation of a formula to predict the load-deflection characteristics of a conical spring
;184 A pneumatically operated machine for end looping extension springs
185 The Spring Research Association Research Programme 1971 - a commentary
186 The fatigue properties of helical compression springs manufactured from S202 spring material
187 An investigation into the effect of an ageing heat treatment on the consistency of dimensions that can be achieved when coiling high index phosphor bronze springs
188 An evaluation of the SRA/SIRA spring gauging machine
189 The fatigue properties of helical compression springs manufactured from S203 spring material
190 A prototype double torsion spring coiling machine
191 Coiling point materials
192 An evaluation of the Lion spring gauge when used in conjunction with a Bennett S C O autocoiling machine
193 The effect of end coils on the load/deflection characteristics of hot coiled springs
194 The stress temperature relaxation properties of some high temperature and corrosion resistant materials
195 The fatigue properties of helical compression springs manufactured from shot peened patented and cold drawn spring steel wire
196 Metrication in the spring industry
197 The Spring Research Association Research Programme 1972
198 The fatigue properties of helical compression springs manufactured from 17-7PH wire
199 The impact transition properties of spring materials
200 The Spring Research Association investment and inertest
201 A survey of some programmable calculators which can be used to aid spring design
202 Spring comparator, a simple but accurate device for load testing springs
203 An investigation into the presetting of helical extension springs by and electrical resistance heating method
204 An investigation into the effect of bend radii, bend allowance and springback in strip forming. Progress Report No. 1
205 The fatigue properties of beryllium-copper strip
206 The fatigue and associated mechanical properties of helical compression springs manufactured from S205 spring wire. Progress Report No 4.
207 The effect of roller straightening on the free length variability of springs made on an autocoiling machine
208 An investigation into the effect on solid stress on the prestressing of compression springs
209 A computer program which predicts accurately the load-deflection characteristics of helical compression springs
210 The fatigue properties of heavy helical compression springs Report No 1 Phase 1 En45A
211 The fatigue properties of helical compression springs manufactured from F.V.520(S) wire. Progress report no 5.
212 The Spring Research Association Research Programme 1973
213 The elevated temperature fatigue properties of springs manufactured from three types of stainless steel wire. Progress Report No 6.
214 The fatigue properties of 0.25mm (0.010") pre-hardened and tempered high carbon steel strip
215 The effect of hot prestressing on the relaxation properties of helical compression springs manufactured from Cr-V wire
216 The instrumentation of a Torrington 115A autocoiling machine
217 An investigation into the effect of shot size in shot peening
218 The relationship between static and dynamic relaxation of three spring materials
219 The effect of solid stress on the fatigue behaviour of springs manufactured from BS 1408C
220 The torsional stress-strain behaviour of five heavy spring steels at three different hardness levels
221 A feasibility study on a pneumatic wire and strip forming machine
222 The Spring Research Association Research Programme 1974
223 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 1 of 7 parts. Introduction and methods of testing.
224 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 2 of 7 parts. The fatigue properties of springs manufactured from patented cold drawn steel spring wire to Bs 1408C and D
225 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 3 of 7 parts. The fatigue properties of springs manufactured from oil hardened and tempered steel wire to BS 2803 Grades I and II.
226 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 4 of 7 parts. The fatigue properties of springs manufactured from chrome-vanadium wire to En47 Grade I to BS 1429.
227 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 5 of 7 parts. The fatigue properties of springs manufactured from En 58A and En 58J stainless steel wire to BS 2056.
228 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 6 of 7 parts. Conclusions and discussions.
229 The production of spring fatigue data with statistical levels of confidence. Part 7 of 7 parts. Spring design data.
230 An investigation into the effect of bend radii, bend allowance and springback in strip forming. Progress Report No 2.
231 The effect of end loop configuration on the static and dynamic properties of tension springs
232 The stress temperature relaxation properties of 9% tungsten hot work die steel springs
233 An investigation into the effect of prestressing and solid stress on the relaxation behaviour of compression springs
234 The effect of hot prestressing on the fatigue and relaxation properties of helical compression springs manufactured from low alloy steel wire
235 Design data for torsion springs
236 An assessment of some of the techniques available for determining elastic properties in bending of ferrous and non-ferrous 0.25mm spring strip
237 End grinding of springs. Progress Report No 1 Preliminary investigation
238 The Spring Research Association Research Programme 1975
239 An investigation into the effect of warm coiling using electrical resistance heating
240 A survey of some programmable calculators
241 An evaluation of ultra high strength carbon steel wire for springs
242 Physical distortion in heat treated spring clips
243 The fatigue and relaxation properties of helical compression springs made from phosphor-bronze wire
244 The influence of decarburisation depth on the fatigue strength of a Si-Mn spring steel - a laboratory investigation and production recommendations
245 The properties of ultra high strength carbon steel wire and springs
246 The properties of BS 1408M R1 and R2 wires and springs
247 The effect of strain peening on the fatigue properties of flat springs
248 The effects of hot and cold prestressing on the fatigue and relaxation properties of compression springs made from Cr-V steel wire
249 Some observations on the fatigue properties in bending and the fracture behaviour of 0.28mm PB 102 phosphor-bronze strip
250 Plastic coatings for springs - a literature survey and preliminary work on the fatigue behaviour of plastic coatings on helical compression springs
251 The production, properties and potential of fibre reinforced plastics for use in the spring industry
252 The effect of strain peening on the fatigue properties of helical compression springs made from pre-hardened and tempered carbon steel wire
253 The prestressing of compression springs made from oil-hardened and tempered wire
254 The application of the theory of fracture mechanics to the failure behaviour of springs and spring materials
255 The Spring Research and Manufacturers Association Research Programme 1876
256 An evaluation of three Armco stainless steel materials for springs
257 Hydrogen embrittlement - a literature review
258 The corrosion fatigue resistance of plastic coated helical compression springs
259 The effect of the rate of prestressing on the fatigue properties of springs
260 An investigation into initial tension in extension springs
261 An investigation into the effect of bend radii, bend allowance and springback in strip forming. Progress Report No 3.
262 End grinding of springs. Progress Report No 2.
263 The fatigue and relaxation resistance of copper-beryllium helical compression springs
264 Methods of assessing the surface quality of wire
265 The effects of oxide penetration on the fatigue properties of heavy springs
266 The low temperature heat treatment of springs manufactured from patented cold drawn carbon steel wire
267 Shot peening and the effect of shot size on spring performance
268 A laboratory investigation of distortion produced by heat treating CS70 spring clips
269 The effect of roller and spinner straightening on the free length variability of springs made on an autocoiling machine
270 A feasibility study of jig set tooling for automatic spring coiling machines
271 The Spring Research and Manufacturers Association Research Programme 1977
272 Investigation into the stresses encountered in two types of end loop formation in extension springs
273 An investigation into the validity of stress correction factors for helical springs
274 Statistical analysis of fatigue data produced from compression springs
275 A further study of the effects of warm coiling using electrical resistance heating
276 The relaxation behaviour of helical extension springs
277 The fatigue properties of springs manufactured from material to BS 5216 HD3 and M4
278 Minimum bend ratios for springs strip materials - a literature survey
279 The fatigue and relaxation properties of maraging steel springs
280 Hardenability of silicon-manganese spring steel (250A58 and 250A61)
281 The potential of homogeneous plastics in spring applications
281a and A digest by A A D Bornw BSc of the potential of homogeneous plastics in spring applications
282 Assessment of strain peening applied to compression springs torsion bars and flat springs
283 The relaxation behaviour of carbon steel strip in bending
284 On the mechanism responsible for the changes in elastic and relaxation properties with stress strain and temperature variations in spring materials
285 The room temperature and high temperature fatigue and dynamic relaxation properties of helical compression springs manufactured from Nimonic 90 and Inconel X750 wires
286 An investigation into the effect of bend radii, bend allowance and springback in strip forming
287 Research Programme 1978
288 The fatigue and relaxation of high strength titanium 318 alloy springs
289 The fatigue properties of a undirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic material suitable for leaf springs
290 A survey of motorised and self-braking swifts
291 The mechanical properties of three heavy spring steels at two hardness levels
292 An investigation into the removal of hydrogen embrittlement by baking
293 Practical applications of linear elastic fracture mechanics to spring materials
294 The fatigue properties of medium sized helical compression springs
295 The fatigue characteristics of compression springs with limited life operation
296 Initial tension in carbon and stainless steel springs coiled on automatic coiling machines
297 The effects of varying hardness levels on the fatigue and relaxation properties of springs coiled from oil hardened and tempered wire.
298 The influence of surface roughness of as drawn wire upon the fatigue performance of helical compression springs
299 The effectiveness of paints as corrosion protectives for carbon steel springs
300 An assessment of the differences in the static and dynamic properties of helical compression springs manufactured from two grades of phosphor bronze wire
301 A comparison of music wires produced by British and continental wire mills
302 The fatigue properties of a undirectional glass fibre reinforced plastic material suitable for leaf springs
303 The effect of low temperature heat treatment on compression springs manufactured from En 58A hard drawn stainless steel wire.
304 The effect of non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue resistance of steels - a literature survey
305 Minimum bend ratios of stainless and carbon spring steel strip
306 The effect of hot prestressing on the relaxation behaviour of compression springs coiled from En 58A hard drawn stainless steel wire
307 Initially coned disc springs applications and quick design methods
308 The 1979 Research and Technical Programme
309 Measurement of springs
310 An investigation into the effect of spinner straightening wire
311 The effect of LTHT temperature on the fatigue and relaxation properties of springs coiled from wire manufactured to BS 2803 GH
312 The effect of spring index on the relaxation behaviour of hardened and tempered and hard drawn wire springs
313 Stress distribution in springs - a literature survey
314 The fatigue and relaxation properties of springs manufactured from two high nickel alloys
315 The fatigue and relaxation behaviour of helical compression springs coiled from Type 301 hard drawn stainless steel wire
316 The corrosion fatigue behaviour of stainless springs
317 The effect of the order of hot prestressing and shot peening on the fatigue and relaxation properties of low Cr-V valve springs
318 Dynamic stresses in helical compression springs - a literature survey
319 The effect of shot peening exposure time on the fatigue and relaxation properties of low Cr-V valve springs
320 On the development of failure during the fatigue testing of torsion bars
321 The fatigue and relaxation properties of shot peened helical compression springs made from 527A60 carbon-chromium wire
322 Consistency of initial tension in extension springs
323 The coilability of patented hard drawn carbon steel spring wire. First progress report: The elastic properties of spring wires and their correlation with coilability
324 Minimum bend ratios of stainless steel strip
325 The long term relaxation behaviour of compression springs manufactured from carbon and stainless steel wires
326 The possible application of refractory metals as springs
327 A comparison of wet and dry end grinding of compression springs
328 Fatigue properties of steel strip. First progress report: The fatigue properties in bending of as sheared pre-hardened and tempered CS80 springs steel strip.
329 The effect of decarburization on the fatigue properties of hardened and tempered carbon steel springs
330 A design guide to the stress relaxation of spring materials
331 The coilability of patented hard drawn carbon steel spring wire. Second progress report: The sequential elastic properties of spring wires of varying coilability
332 Dimensional changes of springs made from hard drawn carbon steel wire during low temperature heat treatment and pre-stressing
333 A guide to the selection of programmable calculators
334 The development and testing of a spinner straightening attachment for an auto coiling machine
335 Investigation into preset tooling for an automatic spring coiling machine
336 Non-conventional techniques of metal removal for the formation of squared end coils in heavy springs
337 An investigation into the effect of bar surface preparation on the fatigue properties of medium helical springs manufactured from En 45A bar
338 A note on the relationship between hardness and tensile strength for hardened and tempered spring wires
339 The effect of coiling speed, swift type and bundle weight on free length variation of springs
340 Hot pre-stressing of springs for ambient temperature services. First progress report
341 Wet grinding of small carbon steel compression springs
342 Effect of drive roll pressure on free length, wire length and fatigue life variability
343 A comparison of wet and dry end grinding of stainless steel compression springs
344 The application of pre-set tooling to automatic compression spring coiling machines
345 Hydrogen embrittlement of hardened and tempered carbon spring steel strip electroplated wire zinc. First progress report: The effects of hydrogen content, zinc thickness and baking time upon hydrogen embrittlement
346 Not issued
347 Single station fatigue machines
348 Hydrogen embrittlement of hardened and tempered carbon spring steel strip electroplated with zinc. Second progress report: The effects of steel composition, baking temperature and baking time upon hydrogen embrittlement and a digest
349 The long term relaxation behaviour of spring materials. Second progress report.
350 The effect of hot prestressing on the long term relaxation behaviour of springs at elevated temperatures
351 Fatigue failures of light springs. First progress report: Preliminary examination of BS 5216ND3 wires and the fatigue characteristics of associated compression springs
352 The ambient temperature relaxation of heavy spring materials
353 Computer program for the design of torsion springs
354 The coilability of patented hard drawn carbon steel spring wire. Final progress report: The effects of short time ageing upon the elastic and plastic properties of spring wire, and their significance with respect to coilability
355 A note on heat treatment equipment suitable for the rapid low temperature heat treatment of light springs
356 Hydrogen embrittlement of hardened and tempered carbon spring steel strip electroplated with zinc. Third progress report: The effect of baking temperature and baking time upon hydrogen embrittlement of a low sulphur CS95 steel
357 Investigation into method of fatigue testing strip
358 Fatigue failures of light springs. Final report: On the reasons for scatter of fatigue results obtained for compression springs made from BS 5216ND3 wire
359 The effects of ion nitriding upon the fatigue properties of springs made from chromium-silicon wire
360 The long term relaxation behaviour of spring materials. Third progress report
361 The effect of wire size on the fatigue properties of helical compression springs made from patented cold drawn carbon steel
362 Inspection techniques. Section A: Springmaking materials and finishing processes. Section B: Coil spring manufacture
363 The long term relaxation behaviour of spring materials. Fourth progress report: Chromium vanadium and silicon chromium springs.
364 The mechanical properties of bainitic and martensitic wire and strip
365 Hydrogen embrittlement of hardened and tempered spring steel strip electroplated with zinc. Fourth progress report: The effect of steel composition on the embrittlement and de-embrittlement of CS80 steel
366 The effect of composition hardness and grain size upon the impact properties of three spring steels
367 4 ton load testing machine
368 Clock spring fatigue testing machine
369 The effect of surface roughness, electropolishing and shot peening on the fatigue properties of austenitic stainless steel springs
370 The effectiveness of polymer quenchants for heat treatment of carbon-silico-manganese and low alloy spring steels
371 Correlation of torsional and tensile properties of wire with fatigue performance of springs
372 SRAMA pass-through spring load tester
373 Temporary corrosion protectives
374 A note of the effects upon hydrogen embrittlement of delays between zinc plating and commencement of de-embrittlement treatments
375 An investigation of the fatigue performance of HIFO (High Initial Force) tension springs
376 Low temperature properties of springmaking materials (Part 1)
377 Decarburization defects and their effect on the dynamic properties of springs made from spring wire
378 1.5 ton fatigue testing machine
379 Relaxation of compression springs at 100°C
380 Hard coatings for tool steels
381 Evaluation of new surface coatings for corrosion protection of unpeened springs
382 Abrasive belt grinding of spring ends
383 Fatigue testing of clock type springs
384 Quality - A guide for spring manufacturers
385 Experimental robot line for testing springs
386 The effect of the curvature correction factor on the fatigue life and relaxation performance of helical springs
387 Survey of measuring equipment suitable for statistical process control
388 The relaxation behaviour of carbon and stainless spring steels in bending
389 Survey of software on micro computers for finite element analysis of flat springs
390 A summary of spring manufacturing and testing equipment
391 Grinding wheel survey
392 Spring design
393 Upon the factors affecting delayed failure in electroplated carbon spring steels
394 The dynamic relaxation behaviour of helical compression springs
395 Statistical process control - a guide for springmakers
396 The effect of low temperature heat treatment on the wind up/down and elastic limit of torsion and extension springs
397 The relaxation behaviour of copper alloy strip materials in bending
398 A survey of production speeds for the coiling and grinding of compression springs
399 Wire characteristics and coiling performance
400 Evaluation of paint and plastic coatings for springs
401 An evaluation of the performance of commercial on-line low temperature heat treatment units
402 Use of polymer quenchants within the spring industry
403 Report of the SRAMA quality fact finding mission to the US 19 May to 3 June 1986
404 The influence of shot peening exposure time on the fatigue life of batch peened helical compression springs
405 Problems associated with electroplated springs.
406 A survey of customer quality assurance requirements
407 The relaxation behaviour of copper alloy strip materials and austempered carbon steel strip materials in bending
408 Fatigue testing of torsion springs
409 Standard inspection techniques for springs
410 On the optimisation of the austempering process for CS70 spring steel
411 On the fatigue performance of disc springs
412 The dynamic relaxation behaviour of shot peened and hot prestressed helical compression springs at elevated temperatures
413 End squareness after grinding
414 Further evaluation of new surface coatings for springs
415 Use of strain gauges to investigate dynamic stresses in springs
416 Variability of strip material for spring presswork
417 Solid stress of hot prestressed compression springs
418 Comparison of British and Foreign standard specifications for spring materials
419 Corrosion protection for springs (Monograph)
420 Application of SPC methods to wire manufacture
421 The effect of low temperature heat treatment parameters on the fatigue performance on chrome-vanadium helical compression springs
422 Fatigue data for torsion springs
423 The fatigue performance of helical extension
424 First progress report on QA systems in the European spring industry
425 Fatigue of strip in bending
426 A comparison of the effects of shot peening and glass bead peening on the fatigue performance of helical compression springs
427 The stress relaxation behaviour of springs
428 Survey of quality as-received raw materials
429 Shot peening of springs
430 The effects of corrosion protective surface coatings on the performance of shot peened springs
431 Analysis of spring fatigue data
432 The measurement of torsional modulus for a range of materials
433 SRAMA fact finding mission to the Far East
434 Achievable compression spring tolerances
435 Just in time techniques
436 Abrasive Belt Grinding of spring ends
437 Evaluation of on line spring length gauging equipment with SPC facilities for coiling machines
438 An investigation into non-axial forces in compression springs
439 On the optimisation of shot peening for compression springs
440 An investigation of the consistency of ultimate tensile strength in cold drawn carbon and stainless steel spring wires
441 The effect of tensile strength on the fatigue performance of Si Cr springs
442 On the reliability of 17/7PH for springs
443 The European market for engineering springs
444 Achievable extension and torsion spring tolerances
445 End grinding of medium-sized compression springs using abrasive belt machining (ABM)
446 Coilability of spring wire
447 Tempering curves for commonly used spring steels
448 Evaluation of metallic corrosion protective coatings for springs
449 Failure mode and effects analysis: A guide for spring manufacturers
450 Design data for non-ferrous and stainless steel spring alloys
451 The application of numerical control techniques to spring coiling machines
452 An investigation into the formation of coiling cracks
453 Typical goodman diagrams for steel springs
454 SRAMA 1993 fact finding mission to Japan and South Korea
455 Computer program for the checking of disc springs
456 The duplex peening of springs to improve their performance
457 The effect of spring manufacturing processes on the tolerances of compression springs
459 The market for engineering springs in Europe
460 Effects of round wire quality on the manufacturing tolerances of helical coil compression springs
461 A study of the effect of lubricants on the free length tolerance of springs coiled from polished stainless steel